NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory contract with Caltech exceeds $119M for R&D in physical, engineering, and life sciences

Contract Overview

Contract Amount: $119,884,484 ($119.9M)

Contractor: California Institute of Technology

Awarding Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Start Date: 2012-10-01

End Date: 2022-09-25

Contract Duration: 3,646 days

Daily Burn Rate: $32.9K/day

Competition Type: NOT COMPETED

Pricing Type: COST PLUS FIXED FEE

Sector: R&D

Official Description: IGF::CL::IGF JUNO PHASE E THE CONTRACT IS THE SPONSORING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) AND THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CONTRACTOR), A PRIVATE NONPROFIT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE RELATIONSHIP FOR THE OPERATION OF THE FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (FFRDC) KNOWN AS THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY. THE CONTRACTOR, JPL, IS REQUIRED TO PERFORM WORK THAT IS DESIGNATED IN TASK ORDERS ISSUED BY THE NASA MANAGEMENT OFFICE (NMO) CONTRACTING OFFICERS. NASA SPONSORED WORK: JPL S PRIMARY MISSION IS TO SUPPORT THE NASA SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE (SMD) IN CARRYING OUT THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES IDENTIFIED IN THE SMD SCIENCE PLAN. THE FOUR BROAD SCIENTIFIC AREAS ARE: EARTH SCIENCE, PLANETARY SCIENCE, HELIOPHYSICS, AND ASTROPHYSICS. IN PERFORMANCE OF THIS CONTRACT, JPL SHALL: 1) SUPPLY A BROAD BASE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES RELEVANT TO NASA PROGRAM AND PROJECT RESPONSIBILITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS. 2) FOSTER ITS UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP WITH A TOP-TIER UNIVERSITY TO FACILITATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, AND STUDENTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH COMMUNITIES IN NASA MISSION AND IN SUPPORTING OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. 3) SUPPORT NASA IN ENABLING PROGRAM AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES. 4) DEVELOP SPACECRAFT AND INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE SENT TO VARIOUS DESTINATIONS WITH OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, INCLUDING EARTH ORBIT, PLANETS, PLANETARY SATELLITES, ASTEROIDS, AND COMETS. THESE MISSIONS MAY BE ORBITERS, LANDERS, OR ROVERS, AND TYPICALLY INCLUDE CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRED TO MEET SCIENTIFIC REQUIREMENTS. 5) PERFORM PROJECT TASKS INVOLVING: (I) AUTONOMOUS DEEP-SPACE, INNER-SPACE AND EARTH-ORBITING SPACECRAFT OR MAJOR SUBSYSTEMS, (II) EXPERIMENTS, INSTRUMENTS, OR OTHER DEVICES WHICH MAY BE CARRIED AS PAYLOAD ON SPACECRAFTS IN MISSIONS MANAGED BY OTHERS, AND/OR (III) GROUND-BASED SYSTEMS. 6) BEYOND ITS PRIMARY MISSION, JPL MAY PERFORM WORK FOR OTHER NASA MISSION DIRECTORATES OR OFFICES. 7) JPL IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION, RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY INSERTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF NASA S DEEP SPACE NETWORK TO PROVIDE TELECOMMUNICATION AND OPERATION SERVICES, INCLUDING DATA ACQUISITION AND DATA DELIVERY REQUIRED TO MEET ESTABLISHED AGENCY OBJECTIVES. 8) JPL IS ALSO REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN AND CONDUCT AN EDUCATION PROGRAM IN CLOSE COORDINATION WITH THE NASA HEADQUARTERS EDUCATION OFFICE, THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY AT LARGE, AND IN SUPPORT TO NASA STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES TO IMPROVE STUDENT RETENTION IN THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) DISCIPLINES. WORK FOR NON-NASA SPONSORS: JPL MAY PERFORM WORK FOR NON-NASA SPONSORS. THIS WORK WILL BE DESIGNATED IN TASK ORDERS ISSUED BY NMO CONTRACTING OFFICERS BASED ON TASK PLANS INITIATED BY THE CONTRACTOR.

Place of Performance

Location: PASADENA, LOS ANGELES County, CALIFORNIA, 91109

State: California Government Spending

Plain-Language Summary

National Aeronautics and Space Administration obligated $119.9 million to CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY for work described as: IGF::CL::IGF JUNO PHASE E THE CONTRACT IS THE SPONSORING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) AND THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CONTRACTOR), A PRIVATE NONPROFIT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE RELATIONSHIP FOR THE OPE… Key points: 1. Contract supports NASA's Science Mission Directorate across Earth, planetary, and heliophysics science. 2. Long-term relationship for operating a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC). 3. Work is performed under task orders issued by NASA. 4. Focus on research and development in physical, engineering, and life sciences. 5. Contractor is a private nonprofit educational institution. 6. Significant duration of the contract, spanning nearly a decade.

Value Assessment

Rating: good

The contract value of over $119 million reflects a long-term commitment to a critical FFRDC. Benchmarking is challenging due to the unique nature of FFRDCs, which are established for specific, long-term government needs. However, the cost-plus-fixed-fee structure aims to control costs while allowing for flexibility in research scope. The value appears reasonable given the scope of work and the specialized nature of JPL's research capabilities.

Cost Per Unit: N/A

Competition Analysis

Competition Level: sole-source

This contract is structured as a sole-source agreement, which is typical for FFRDCs. These centers are established to provide unique research and development capabilities to the government that cannot be readily obtained through traditional competitive procurement. The rationale for a sole-source award is based on the specialized expertise and infrastructure already in place at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, operated by Caltech.

Taxpayer Impact: Sole-source contracts for FFRDCs are generally accepted as necessary for specialized research. Taxpayers benefit from the focused, long-term expertise and infrastructure that such arrangements provide, avoiding the costs and complexities of replicating these capabilities competitively.

Public Impact

Benefits NASA's Science Mission Directorate by enabling cutting-edge research. Delivers scientific advancements in Earth science, planetary science, and heliophysics. Impacts scientific communities globally through published research and data. Supports a highly skilled workforce in aerospace and scientific research. Enhances U.S. leadership in space exploration and scientific discovery.

Waste & Efficiency Indicators

Waste Risk Score: 50 / 10

Warning Flags

• Potential for cost overruns in long-term research projects.
• Reliance on a single entity for critical FFRDC functions.
• Ensuring continued innovation and adaptation within the FFRDC structure.

Positive Signals

• Established track record of successful research and mission execution by JPL.
• Strong partnership between NASA and Caltech, fostering stability.
• Focus on critical scientific areas aligned with national priorities.
• Access to unique facilities and expertise at JPL.

Sector Analysis

This contract falls within the Research and Development sector, specifically focusing on physical, engineering, and life sciences. The market for specialized aerospace research and development is dominated by a few key players, often including FFRDCs like JPL. NASA's spending in this area is crucial for maintaining technological superiority and advancing scientific understanding. Comparable spending benchmarks are difficult to establish due to the unique FFRDC model, but the scale of this contract reflects the significant investment required for complex space science missions.

Small Business Impact

This contract is not directly associated with small business set-asides, as it is a sole-source award to a large educational institution for operating an FFRDC. However, Caltech, as the operator of JPL, likely engages small businesses as subcontractors for various support services and specialized components needed for research and development projects. The impact on the small business ecosystem would be indirect, through potential subcontracting opportunities.

Oversight & Accountability

Oversight is provided by NASA through the issuance of task orders and regular performance reviews. The FFRDC structure itself includes specific governance and reporting requirements to ensure accountability. Transparency is maintained through public reporting of research findings and mission outcomes. Inspector General jurisdiction would apply to any potential fraud, waste, or abuse related to the contract funds.

Related Government Programs

• NASA Science Mission Directorate Programs
• Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs)
• Aerospace Research and Development
• Space Exploration Initiatives

Risk Flags

• Sole-source award requires strong oversight to ensure value.
• Long-term nature of FFRDCs may present challenges in adapting to rapidly changing technological landscapes.
• Cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts require careful monitoring of allowable costs.

Tags

research-and-development, nasa, california, sole-source, large-contract, ffrdc, space-science, aerospace, cost-plus-fixed-fee, nonprofit, educational-institution

Frequently Asked Questions

What is this federal contract paying for?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration awarded $119.9 million to CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. IGF::CL::IGF JUNO PHASE E THE CONTRACT IS THE SPONSORING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) AND THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CONTRACTOR), A PRIVATE NONPROFIT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE RELATIONSHIP FOR THE OPERATION OF THE FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (FFRDC) KNOWN AS THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY. THE CONTRACTOR, JPL, IS REQUIRED TO PERFORM WORK THAT IS DESIGNATED IN TASK ORDERS ISSUED BY THE NASA MANAGEM

Who is the contractor on this award?

The obligated recipient is CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

Which agency awarded this contract?

Awarding agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

What is the total obligated amount?

The obligated amount is $119.9 million.

What is the period of performance?

Start: 2012-10-01. End: 2022-09-25.

What is the historical spending trend for this contract or similar FFRDC agreements with NASA?

Historical spending data for this specific contract, as it represents the operational agreement for JPL, shows a consistent and significant investment by NASA. The total obligated amount of $119,884,484.35 over its duration (October 1, 2012, to September 25, 2022) indicates a substantial, long-term commitment. FFRDC agreements are typically characterized by stable, multi-year funding to support long-term research goals and infrastructure. While specific year-over-year breakdowns for this exact contract are not detailed in the provided data, the overall value suggests a steady funding stream consistent with the operational needs of a major research center like JPL. NASA's overall R&D budget allocation to FFRDCs generally reflects strategic priorities in areas like space exploration, Earth science, and advanced technology development, with funding levels adjusted based on program needs and fiscal constraints.

How does the cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) pricing structure compare to other NASA R&D contracts?

The Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) pricing structure used for this contract is common for research and development efforts where the scope of work can be well-defined, but the exact costs are uncertain. For NASA R&D contracts, CPFF offers a balance: the contractor is reimbursed for allowable costs incurred, plus a fixed fee representing profit. This incentivizes the contractor to control costs, as the fee remains constant regardless of the final cost. Compared to other R&D contract types, such as Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF), CPFF offers less flexibility for performance-based incentives but provides greater cost certainty for the government once the fee is established. It is generally preferred over Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) when performance metrics are less quantifiable or when the primary goal is to ensure the availability of specialized R&D capabilities, as is often the case with FFRDCs.

What are the key performance indicators (KPIs) used to evaluate JPL's performance under this contract?

While specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are not detailed in the provided summary data, performance evaluation for FFRDCs like JPL under NASA contracts typically revolves around several critical areas. These often include the successful execution of assigned task orders, adherence to scientific and technical objectives, timely delivery of research findings and mission milestones, and effective management of resources (budget and personnel). NASA likely assesses JPL's ability to meet scientific goals outlined in the Science Mission Directorate's plans, the quality and impact of its research publications, and its contributions to NASA's overall strategic objectives in space science and exploration. Furthermore, operational efficiency, safety performance, and the maintenance of unique facilities and expertise are also crucial evaluation criteria for FFRDC performance.

What is the track record of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) as a contractor for NASA, particularly regarding FFRDCs?

Caltech has an exceptionally strong and long-standing track record with NASA, primarily through its operation of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) as an FFRDC. This relationship dates back to the early days of the space program. JPL, under Caltech's management, has been instrumental in numerous iconic NASA missions, including the Voyager, Galileo, Cassini, Mars rovers (Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity, Perseverance), and the Hubble Space Telescope servicing missions, among many others. Caltech's consistent selection and continued funding for JPL underscore its proven ability to manage complex, large-scale scientific and engineering projects, deliver groundbreaking research, and operate sophisticated facilities. This extensive history demonstrates a high level of trust and proven capability in fulfilling NASA's most ambitious scientific and exploratory endeavors.

Are there any identified risks associated with the sole-source nature of this FFRDC contract?

The primary risk associated with the sole-source nature of this FFRDC contract is the potential for complacency or a lack of competitive pressure to drive innovation and efficiency. Because JPL is the designated operator, there is no direct competition for the core FFRDC functions. This necessitates robust oversight from NASA to ensure that JPL remains at the forefront of technological advancement and maintains cost-effectiveness. Another risk could be vendor lock-in, where NASA becomes heavily reliant on JPL's unique capabilities, making it difficult or costly to transition to alternative solutions if needed. Mitigating these risks involves strong performance management, clear communication channels, and potentially exploring collaborations with other institutions or industry partners for specific projects outside JPL's core FFRDC mandate.

How does this contract contribute to NASA's broader strategic goals in space science and exploration?

This contract is fundamental to NASA's strategic goals in space science and exploration. By funding the operation of JPL as an FFRDC, NASA ensures the continued development and execution of missions critical to understanding the universe. JPL's expertise is vital for planetary science (exploring Mars, outer planets, and beyond), Earth science (monitoring our planet's climate and environment), and heliophysics (studying the Sun and its influence). The research conducted under this contract directly supports NASA's objectives of expanding scientific knowledge, searching for life beyond Earth, understanding our solar system, and developing the technologies needed for future human and robotic exploration. The contract enables NASA to leverage a world-class research institution dedicated to advancing these ambitious scientific endeavors.

Industry Classification

NAICS: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services › Scientific Research and Development Services › Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)

Product/Service Code: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT › Space R&D Services

Competition & Pricing

Extent Competed: NOT COMPETED

Solicitation Procedures: ONLY ONE SOURCE

Pricing Type: COST PLUS FIXED FEE (U)

Evaluated Preference: NONE

Contractor Details

Address: 4800 OAK GROVE DR, PASADENA, CA, 91109

Business Categories: Category Business, Federally Funded Research and Development Corp, Government, U.S. National Government, Not Designated a Small Business, Special Designations, U.S.-Owned Business

Financial Breakdown

Contract Ceiling: $209,639,481

Exercised Options: $209,639,481

Current Obligation: $119,884,484

Actual Outlays: $354,728

Contract Characteristics

Multi-Year Contract: Yes

Commercial Item: COMMERCIAL ITEM PROCEDURES NOT USED

Cost or Pricing Data: NO

Parent Contract

Parent Award PIID: NNN12AA01C

IDV Type: IDC

Timeline

Start Date: 2012-10-01

Current End Date: 2022-09-25

Potential End Date: 2022-09-25 00:00:00

Last Modified: 2020-04-21

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