NASA's $270M JPL FFRDC contract with Caltech for R&D in physical sciences, engineering, and life sciences

Contract Overview

Contract Amount: $270,340,843 ($270.3M)

Contractor: California Institute of Technology

Awarding Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Start Date: 2012-10-01

End Date: 2020-03-31

Contract Duration: 2,738 days

Daily Burn Rate: $98.7K/day

Competition Type: NOT COMPETED

Pricing Type: COST PLUS FIXED FEE

Sector: R&D

Official Description: IGF::CL::IGF CASSINI PROGRAM OFFICE AT JPL THE CONTRACT IS THE SPONSORING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) AND THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CONTRACTOR), A PRIVATE NONPROFIT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE RELATIONSHIP FOR THE OPERATION OF THE FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (FFRDC) KNOWN AS THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY. THE CONTRACTOR, JPL, IS REQUIRED TO PERFORM WORK THAT IS DESIGNATED IN TASK ORDERS ISSUED BY THE NASA MANAGEMENT OFFICE (NMO) CONTRACTING OFFICERS. NASA SPONSORED WORK: JPL S PRIMARY MISSION IS TO SUPPORT THE NASA SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE (SMD) IN CARRYING OUT THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES IDENTIFIED IN THE SMD SCIENCE PLAN. THE FOUR BROAD SCIENTIFIC AREAS ARE: EARTH SCIENCE, PLANETARY SCIENCE, HELIOPHYSICS, AND ASTROPHYSICS. IN PERFORMANCE OF THIS CONTRACT, JPL SHALL: 1) SUPPLY A BROAD BASE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES RELEVANT TO NASA PROGRAM AND PROJECT RESPONSIBILITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS. 2) FOSTER ITS UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP WITH A TOP-TIER UNIVERSITY TO FACILITATE THE INVOLVEMENT OF SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, AND STUDENTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH COMMUNITIES IN NASA MISSION AND IN SUPPORTING OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. 3) SUPPORT NASA IN ENABLING PROGRAM AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITIES. 4) DEVELOP SPACECRAFT AND INSTRUMENTS THAT ARE SENT TO VARIOUS DESTINATIONS WITH OUR SOLAR SYSTEM, INCLUDING EARTH ORBIT, PLANETS, PLANETARY SATELLITES, ASTEROIDS, AND COMETS. THESE MISSIONS MAY BE ORBITERS, LANDERS, OR ROVERS, AND TYPICALLY INCLUDE CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGIES REQUIRED TO MEET SCIENTIFIC REQUIREMENTS. 5) PERFORM PROJECT TASKS INVOLVING: (I) AUTONOMOUS DEEP-SPACE, INNER-SPACE AND EARTH-ORBITING SPACECRAFT OR MAJOR SUBSYSTEMS, (II) EXPERIMENTS, INSTRUMENTS, OR OTHER DEVICES WHICH MAY BE CARRIED AS PAYLOAD ON SPACECRAFTS IN MISSIONS MANAGED BY OTHERS, AND/OR (III) GROUND-BASED SYSTEMS. 6) BEYOND ITS PRIMARY MISSION, JPL MAY PERFORM WORK FOR OTHER NASA MISSION DIRECTORATES OR OFFICES. 7) JPL IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OPERATION, RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY INSERTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF NASA S DEEP SPACE NETWORK TO PROVIDE TELECOMMUNICATION AND OPERATION SERVICES, INCLUDING DATA ACQUISITION AND DATA DELIVERY REQUIRED TO MEET ESTABLISHED AGENCY OBJECTIVES. 8) JPL IS ALSO REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN AND CONDUCT AN EDUCATION PROGRAM IN CLOSE COORDINATION WITH THE NASA HEADQUARTERS EDUCATION OFFICE, THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY AT LARGE, AND IN SUPPORT TO NASA STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES TO IMPROVE STUDENT RETENTION IN THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) DISCIPLINES. WORK FOR NON-NASA SPONSORS: JPL MAY PERFORM WORK FOR NON-NASA SPONSORS. THIS WORK WILL BE DESIGNATED IN TASK ORDERS ISSUED BY NMO CONTRACTING OFFICERS BASED ON TASK PLANS INITIATED BY THE CONTRACTOR.

Place of Performance

Location: PASADENA, LOS ANGELES County, CALIFORNIA, 91109

State: California Government Spending

Plain-Language Summary

National Aeronautics and Space Administration obligated $270.3 million to CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY for work described as: IGF::CL::IGF CASSINI PROGRAM OFFICE AT JPL THE CONTRACT IS THE SPONSORING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) AND THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CONTRACTOR), A PRIVATE NONPROFIT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE RELATI… Key points: 1. Contract supports NASA's Science Mission Directorate objectives across Earth science, planetary science, and astrophysics. 2. Operates as a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), indicating a unique, long-term strategic relationship. 3. The contract's cost-plus-fixed-fee structure incentivizes cost control while allowing for flexibility in research scope. 4. Performance period spans over 7 years, suggesting a stable and ongoing need for JPL's specialized capabilities. 5. The FFRDC model fosters deep collaboration and specialized expertise not readily available in the commercial market. 6. Focus on fundamental research and development aligns with long-term scientific advancement goals.

Value Assessment

Rating: good

This contract represents a significant investment in scientific research and development through a long-standing FFRDC partnership. While direct comparisons to commercial contracts are difficult due to the unique FFRDC nature, the cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) structure is standard for complex R&D where precise costs are hard to predict. The total value of over $270 million over nearly 8 years reflects the extensive scope of work in areas like Earth and planetary science. Benchmarking is challenging, but the sustained funding indicates perceived value and necessity for JPL's specialized capabilities.

Cost Per Unit: N/A

Competition Analysis

Competition Level: sole-source

This contract was awarded on a sole-source basis, which is typical for FFRDCs. These centers are established to meet specific long-term research and development needs of the government that cannot be met through traditional contracting. The FFRDC designation implies a unique relationship and capability set that is not subject to open competition in the same way as standard procurements. This approach ensures continuity and deep institutional knowledge.

Taxpayer Impact: Sole-source awards for FFRDCs are generally accepted as necessary for specialized, long-term research needs. Taxpayers benefit from the focused expertise and strategic alignment that this model provides, avoiding the costs and complexities of repeatedly re-competing highly specialized R&D capabilities.

Public Impact

Benefits NASA's Science Mission Directorate by providing critical research and development capabilities. Delivers scientific advancements in Earth science, planetary science, astrophysics, and potentially other fields. Supports cutting-edge research that can lead to new technologies and a deeper understanding of the universe. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a key national asset for space exploration and scientific discovery. Workforce implications include highly skilled scientists, engineers, and technical personnel at JPL. Geographic impact is primarily centered in California where JPL is located, but scientific findings have global reach.

Waste & Efficiency Indicators

Waste Risk Score: 50 / 10

Warning Flags

• Potential for cost overruns inherent in cost-plus contracts if not rigorously managed.
• Sole-source nature limits opportunities for external innovation and cost-saving competition.
• Dependence on a single entity (JPL) for critical R&D functions could pose a risk if capabilities are not maintained or diversified.

Positive Signals

• Long-standing, successful partnership between NASA and Caltech/JPL demonstrates reliability and effectiveness.
• FFRDC structure ensures dedicated focus on government priorities and long-term strategic goals.
• JPL's established reputation and expertise in space science and engineering are world-class.
• Cost-plus-fixed-fee structure provides a degree of cost certainty for the government while allowing research flexibility.

Sector Analysis

This contract falls within the Research and Development (R&D) sector, specifically NAICS code 541712. This sector is characterized by innovation and the pursuit of new knowledge. The market for such specialized R&D is often dominated by a few key institutions and organizations with unique expertise, such as FFRDCs. NASA's spending in this area is crucial for maintaining U.S. leadership in space exploration and scientific discovery. Comparable spending benchmarks are difficult to establish due to the unique FFRDC nature, but NASA's overall R&D budget provides context for the scale of investment.

Small Business Impact

This contract is not directly associated with small business set-asides, as it is a sole-source award to a large research institution (Caltech/JPL). Subcontracting opportunities may exist, but the primary focus is on the direct performance by JPL. The FFRDC model generally does not prioritize small business participation in the same way as competitive procurements, though JPL may engage small businesses for specific support services.

Oversight & Accountability

Oversight is provided by NASA through the NASA Management Office (NMO) contracting officers, who issue task orders and monitor performance. As an FFRDC, JPL operates under specific government guidelines and oversight frameworks designed to ensure alignment with federal objectives and responsible use of funds. Transparency is maintained through regular reporting and reviews, though the specifics of internal FFRDC operations are less public than typical contract awards. Inspector General jurisdiction would apply to potential fraud, waste, or abuse.

Related Government Programs

• NASA Science Mission Directorate Programs
• Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs)
• Space Exploration Initiatives
• Earth Science Research
• Planetary Science Research
• Astrophysics Research

Risk Flags

• Sole-source award limits competitive pressure on pricing.
• Cost-plus contracts can carry inherent risks of cost overruns if not closely managed.

Tags

research-and-development, nasa, california-institute-of-technology, jet-propulsion-laboratory, ffrdc, sole-source, cost-plus-fixed-fee, space-exploration, science-mission-directorate, earth-science, planetary-science, california

Frequently Asked Questions

What is this federal contract paying for?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration awarded $270.3 million to CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. IGF::CL::IGF CASSINI PROGRAM OFFICE AT JPL THE CONTRACT IS THE SPONSORING AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) AND THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CONTRACTOR), A PRIVATE NONPROFIT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHICH ESTABLISHES THE RELATIONSHIP FOR THE OPERATION OF THE FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER (FFRDC) KNOWN AS THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY. THE CONTRACTOR, JPL, IS REQUIRED TO PERFORM WORK THAT IS DESIGNATED IN TASK ORDERS ISSUED B

Who is the contractor on this award?

The obligated recipient is CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

Which agency awarded this contract?

Awarding agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

What is the total obligated amount?

The obligated amount is $270.3 million.

What is the period of performance?

Start: 2012-10-01. End: 2020-03-31.

What is the historical spending trend for this contract or similar FFRDC agreements with NASA?

Historical spending data for this specific contract shows a consistent allocation of funds from its start in 2012 through its end in 2020, totaling approximately $270.3 million. This averages to roughly $33.8 million per year. While direct year-over-year comparisons for the entire period are not detailed here, the total value suggests a stable funding stream for JPL's FFRDC role. NASA utilizes several FFRDCs across different domains, and their funding levels vary based on mission scope and duration. For instance, other NASA FFRDCs might have different annual funding profiles depending on the complexity and number of task orders issued. The consistent funding over the contract's life indicates a sustained need for JPL's capabilities in supporting NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

How does the cost-plus-fixed-fee (CPFF) structure compare to other contract types for R&D, and what are its implications for value?

The Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) contract type is common for research and development efforts where the scope of work is not precisely defined at the outset, making it difficult to establish a firm fixed price. In a CPFF contract, the contractor is reimbursed for allowable costs plus a fixed fee representing profit. This structure incentivizes the contractor to control costs, as the fee remains constant regardless of the final cost. Compared to Firm-Fixed-Price (FFP) contracts, CPFF offers more flexibility for evolving R&D projects but can potentially lead to higher costs if not managed diligently. For value, CPFF aims to balance the government's need for flexibility in R&D with contractor incentives for efficiency. The fixed fee provides a predictable profit margin, while cost ceilings and oversight mechanisms help mitigate excessive spending. This structure is deemed appropriate for the complex, long-term scientific endeavors undertaken by JPL.

What are the key performance indicators (KPIs) used to assess JPL's performance under this FFRDC agreement?

While specific Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are not detailed in the provided data, FFRDC agreements like this one typically rely on a combination of technical, schedule, and cost performance metrics. For JPL, KPIs would likely revolve around the successful execution of task orders issued by NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD). This could include meeting scientific objectives, delivering research findings within agreed timelines, adhering to budget constraints for specific projects, and the quality and impact of scientific publications or mission support. NASA's oversight through the NASA Management Office (NMO) contracting officers would involve regular reviews of progress reports, technical assessments, and milestone achievements. The long-term nature of the FFRDC relationship implies that overall institutional performance, innovation, and responsiveness to NASA's evolving scientific priorities are also critical, albeit less quantifiable, performance aspects.

What is the track record of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) as a contractor for NASA, particularly regarding FFRDCs?

The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) has a long and distinguished track record of managing the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA, operating it as a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) since its inception. This relationship spans decades and has been instrumental in numerous groundbreaking space exploration missions and scientific discoveries. Caltech's expertise in managing complex research, development, and engineering projects is well-established. Their consistent selection and continued funding underscore NASA's confidence in their ability to fulfill the FFRDC's mission. The sustained partnership highlights Caltech's reliability, technical proficiency, and commitment to advancing NASA's scientific and exploration goals, making them a highly trusted entity for such critical R&D functions.

Are there any identified risks associated with the sole-source nature of this FFRDC contract, and how are they mitigated?

The primary risk associated with the sole-source nature of this FFRDC contract is the lack of direct price competition, which could potentially lead to higher costs than if the work were competed. Additionally, reliance on a single entity for specialized capabilities might create a vulnerability if that entity faces significant challenges or fails to innovate. However, FFRDCs are established precisely because their unique, long-term, and strategic nature often precludes traditional competitive contracting. Mitigation strategies employed by the government include rigorous oversight by NASA, clear definition of task orders, performance monitoring, and established FFRDC governance structures. The government also retains the right to conduct periodic reviews and ensure the FFRDC continues to meet its objectives and provide value. The long-standing success and specialized expertise of JPL serve as a de facto indicator of value, reducing the perceived risk.

Industry Classification

NAICS: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services › Scientific Research and Development Services › Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)

Product/Service Code: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT › Space R&D Services

Competition & Pricing

Extent Competed: NOT COMPETED

Solicitation Procedures: ONLY ONE SOURCE

Pricing Type: COST PLUS FIXED FEE (U)

Evaluated Preference: NONE

Contractor Details

Address: 4800 OAK GROVE DR, PASADENA, CA, 91109

Business Categories: Category Business, Federally Funded Research and Development Corp, Government, U.S. National Government, Not Designated a Small Business, Special Designations, U.S.-Owned Business

Financial Breakdown

Contract Ceiling: $288,094,062

Exercised Options: $288,094,062

Current Obligation: $270,340,843

Actual Outlays: $657,726

Contract Characteristics

Multi-Year Contract: Yes

Commercial Item: COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS/SERVICES PROCEDURES NOT USED

Cost or Pricing Data: NO

Parent Contract

Parent Award PIID: NNN12AA01C

IDV Type: IDC

Timeline

Start Date: 2012-10-01

Current End Date: 2020-03-31

Potential End Date: 2020-03-31 00:00:00

Last Modified: 2024-04-22

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